be going to のかたち
①主語
②be動詞(am / is / are)── 主語に合わせる
③going to
④動詞の原形
主語による be動詞の使い分け
be動詞のルール(Lesson 1, 3 で学んだもの)と全く同じ。
Iam going to ── I am going to play.
You / 複数are going to ── You are going to play.
三単現is going to ── She is going to play.
例文で感覚をつかむ
- I am going to study English tomorrow. ── 明日英語を勉強するつもり。
- I'm going to visit Kyoto next week. ── 来週京都を訪ねる予定。
- She is going to be a doctor. ── 彼女は医者になるつもり。
- They are going to play soccer this Saturday. ── 彼らは今週土曜日サッカーをする予定。
- It is going to rain soon.(空が暗くなって)もうすぐ雨が降りそうだ。
will と be going to の使い分け
willその場で決めた・予測 ── I'm thirsty. I'll drink water.
be going to前から決めていた予定 ── I'm going to drink water at lunch.
- will:その場で「あ、〜しよう」と決めた感じ。「〜するだろう」という予測。
- be going to:前から「〜することにしている」という決まった予定。
- 「来週ハワイに行きます(チケットも取った)」なら I'm going to go to Hawaii next week. が自然。
- 「今夜何食べようかな? あ、ピザにしよう」なら I'll have pizza. が自然。
ただし中1の段階では、「未来のことが言える表現が2つある」と知っておけば十分。テストで be going to を使った文と will を使った文の 書きかえが問われることもあります。両方使えるように。
短縮形:I'm going to / She's going to ...
be動詞の短縮形をそのまま使えます。
- I am going to → I'm going to
- You are going to → You're going to
- She is going to → She's going to
- They are going to → They're going to
否定文:be動詞 + not
be動詞の否定と同じパターン。am/is/are の後ろに not。
普通I am going to play.
否定I am not going to play.(短縮:I'm not going to play.)
普通She is going to come.
否定She isn't going to come.
疑問文:be動詞を文の先頭に
普通You are going to play.
疑問Are you going to play?
普通He is going to come.
疑問Is he going to come?
応答
- はい → Yes, 主語 + be動詞.(Yes, I am. / Yes, she is.)
- いいえ → No, 主語 + be動詞 + not.(No, I'm not. / No, she isn't.)
What are you going to ...? の疑問文
「何を〜するつもり?」「どこへ行くつもり?」と聞きたいとき。
①What are you going to do? ── 何をするつもり?
②Where are you going to go? ── どこに行くつもり?
③When is she going to come? ── 彼女はいつ来るつもり?
④Who is going to help us? ── 誰が手伝ってくれるの?
例:
- What are you going to do this weekend? ── 今週末は何をするつもり?
── I'm going to study English. - Where are you going to go for summer vacation? ── 夏休みはどこに行く予定?
── I'm going to go to Hokkaido.
未来表現の総整理
| will | be going to | |
|---|---|---|
| かたち | will + 動詞の原形 | am/is/are + going to + 動詞の原形 |
| 主に表すもの | 予測・その場の決定・約束 | 前から決まっていた予定 |
| 否定 | won't | am/is/are + not |
| 疑問 | Will + 主語 + 動詞? | Am/Is/Are + 主語 + going to + 動詞? |
| 応答 | Yes, 主語 + will. / No, 主語 + won't. | Yes, 主語 + be動詞. / No, 主語 + be動詞 + not. |
練習問題
英語で使えるようにする練習
この単元は、説明を読んで終わりにすると定着しません。次の型を、主語・時・目的語を入れ替えながら声に出してください。
I am going to study tonight.
She is going to visit Kyoto.
Are you going to play tennis?
- be動詞を主語に合わせる。
- to の後ろは動詞の原形。
- 前から決めていた予定・根拠のある未来に使いやすい。
- I study English. (tomorrow を加えて)
- She visits Kyoto. (next week を加えて)
- They play soccer. (this Sunday を加えて)
答えを見る
(1) I am going to study English tomorrow.(短縮:I'm going to study English tomorrow.)
(2) She is going to visit Kyoto next week.(She's going to visit Kyoto next week.)
(3) They are going to play soccer this Sunday.(They're going to play soccer this Sunday.)
- You are going to study tomorrow.
- She is going to come to the party.
答えを見る
(1) You are going to study tomorrow.
- 否定:You are not going to study tomorrow.(You aren't / You're not going to study tomorrow.)
- 疑問:Are you going to study tomorrow?
(2) She is going to come to the party.
- 否定:She is not going to come to the party.(She isn't going to come to the party.)
- 疑問:Is she going to come to the party?
- Are you going to study tonight?(Yes)
- Is Mark going to come?(No)
- What are you going to do tomorrow?(visit my grandmother)
答えを見る
(1) Yes, I am.
(2) No, he isn't.(No, he is not.)
(3) I am going to visit my grandmother.(I'm going to visit my grandmother.)
- I going to play tennis.
- She is going to plays soccer.
- He is going to is a teacher.
答えを見る
(1) I am going to play tennis. ── be動詞 am が抜けている。
(2) She is going to play soccer. ── going to のあとは原形。
(3) He is going to be a teacher. ── 「is」の原形は「be」。
- 私は今夜勉強する予定です。
- 彼女は京都を訪れる予定です。
- あなたはテニスをする予定ですか。
答えを見る
(1) I am going to study tonight.
(2) She is going to visit Kyoto.
(3) Are you going to play tennis?
まとめ
- be going to + 動詞の原形で「〜するつもり」「〜する予定」を表す。
- be動詞は主語に合わせる:I am / You are / She is。
- going to のあとは 動詞の原形。be動詞は be。
- 否定:be動詞 + not + going to。例 I'm not going to play.
- 疑問:be動詞を文の先頭に。応答 Yes, 主語 + be動詞. / No, 主語 + be動詞 + not.
- What/Where/When/Who + be動詞 + 主語 + going to + 動詞? で具体的に聞ける。
- will との使い分け:be going to は前から決まった予定、will はその場の決定・予測。
- これで中1英語の文法は一周。be動詞・一般動詞・can・三単現・進行形・過去形・未来表現すべてに触れた。