be動詞の過去形は2種類
Iam ／ was
Youare ／ were
三単現is ／ was
複数are ／ were
使い分けの目安：単数か複数か
単数（1人・1つ）was ── I, he, she, it, this, that, Mark, the cat
複数（2人以上）were ── we, you, they, the boys, Mark and Hana
例外You は単数でも複数でも were
単純に 「単数 → was、複数 → were、ただし You だけは were」と覚えるとラクです。
例文で確認
- I was tired yesterday. ── 私は昨日疲れていた。
- You were happy then. ── あなたはあのとき幸せだった。
- She was in Tokyo last week. ── 彼女は先週東京にいた。
- It was sunny yesterday. ── 昨日は晴れていた。
- The leaves were red. ── 葉は赤かった。
- We were classmates. ── 私たちはクラスメートだった。
否定文：was/were の後ろに not
普通I was tired.
否定I was not tired.
短縮I wasn't tired.
普通They were there.
否定They were not there.（They weren't there.）
疑問文：was/were を文の先頭に
普通You were there.
疑問Were you there?
普通It was hot.
疑問Was it hot?
応答
- はい → Yes, 主語 + was/were.
- いいえ → No, 主語 + wasn't/weren't.
例：
- Was it sunny yesterday? ── 昨日は晴れていた？
── Yes, it was. / No, it wasn't. - Were you tired? ── あなたは疲れてた？
── Yes, I was. / No, I wasn't.
look + 形容詞 ──「〜に見える」
Lesson 8 では look + 形容詞のかたちも登場します。
例文：
- You look happy. ── 君、嬉しそう。
- You look tired. ── 君、疲れて見えるよ。
- The cake looks delicious. ── そのケーキおいしそう。
- She looked sad. ── 彼女は悲しそうだった。
- look at + 名詞：「〜を見る」── Look at the cat.（あの猫を見て）
- look + 形容詞：「〜に見える」── You look happy.（嬉しそう）
- at があるかないかで意味が大きく変わる。
be動詞の過去形 まとめ表
| 主語 | 現在 | 過去 | 短縮（否定） |
|---|---|---|---|
| I | am | was | wasn't |
| You | are | were | weren't |
| He / She / It / Mark | is | was | wasn't |
| We / They / 複数 | are | were | weren't |
練習問題
英語で使えるようにする練習
この単元は、説明を読んで終わりにすると定着しません。次の型を、主語・時・目的語を入れ替えながら声に出してください。
I was busy yesterday.
They were in the park.
Were you tired?
- I/he/she/it は was、you/we/they は were。
- 一般動詞の過去形と混ぜない。
- 疑問文は Was/Were を前へ出す。
- I ( ) tired yesterday.
- You ( ) very kind.
- It ( ) cold last night.
- They ( ) in the park.
- Mark and I ( ) friends.
答えを見る
(1) was
(2) were（You は常に were）
(3) was（it は単数）
(4) were（they は複数）
(5) were（Mark and I = 2人 → 複数）
- It was sunny yesterday.
- You were busy.
答えを見る
(1) It was sunny yesterday.
- 否定：It was not sunny yesterday.（It wasn't sunny yesterday.）
- 疑問：Was it sunny yesterday?
(2) You were busy.
- 否定：You were not busy.（You weren't busy.）
- 疑問：Were you busy?
- I am happy.
- She is in Tokyo.
- They are kind.
- You look tired.
答えを見る
(1) I was happy.
(2) She was in Tokyo.
(3) They were kind.
(4) You looked tired.（look は一般動詞なので -ed）
- Was it cold yesterday?（Yes）
- Were you at school?（No）
答えを見る
(1) Yes, it was.
(2) No, I wasn't.（No, I was not.）
- 私は昨日忙しかった。
- 彼らは公園にいました。
- あなたは疲れていましたか。
答えを見る
(1) I was busy yesterday.
(2) They were in the park.
(3) Were you tired?
まとめ
- be動詞の過去形は was と were の2つ。
- 使い分け：I/he/she/it/単数 → was、You/we/they/複数 → were（You は常に were）。
- 否定：was/were + not（短縮 wasn't/weren't）。
- 疑問：Was/Were を文の先頭に。応答 Yes, 主語 + was/were. / No, 主語 + wasn't/weren't.
- look + 形容詞で「〜に見える」。例 You look happy. / She looked sad.
- look at + 名詞（〜を見る）と、look + 形容詞（〜に見える）の違いに注意。